Publications

Best Practices and Performance of Auto-enrolment Mechanisms for Pension Savings – December 2021

Client:	EC DG for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (FISMA)
Published:	December, 2021

Automatic enrolment (also referred to as auto-enrolment) is a mechanism that encourages pension saving by enrolling individuals into a pension scheme unless they actively choose to opt-out. This study identifies and evaluates 32 best practices for the design of auto-enrolment pension schemes, informed by an in-depth qualitative and quantitative assessment of pension schemes in selected […]

Regulation Reform Recommendations for Professional Business Services – July 2021

Client:	EC DG Competition
Published:	July, 2021

As part of a larger project for the European Commission’s DG GROW, evaluating competition in the professional business services markets, LE Europe produced a range of indicators on the extent of competition and market-based outcomes to help support the Commission’s Reform Recommendations into Regulations in Professional Business Services (PBS). The range of indicators include firm […]

A Pandemic’s Worth of Change – June 2021

Client:	webloyalty
Published:	June, 2021

London Economics and Webloyalty reveal the top consumer trends formed during the pandemic which are here to stay and how behavioural economics can help your firm thrive post-pandemic.

Support Study Accompanying the Commission Notice on the Evaluation of the Definition of Relevant Market for the Purposes of Community Competition Law – June 2021

Client:	EC DG Competition
Published:	June, 2021

The purpose of this study was to assist the Commission in the evaluation of the functioning of the Market Definition Notice in order to assess whether developments since 1997 merit an update of the Notice. In order to support DG COMP’s evaluation of the effectiveness, efficiency and relevance of the Market Definition Notice, the study […]

Consumers’ Engagement in the Circular Economy: Results from a Large-scale Behavioural Experiment and Survey in the EU

Client:	EC Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers (JUST)
Published:	May, 2021

This paper, by LE Europe consultants James Suter and Wouter Landzaat, written with Annette Ceruli-Harms and Sara Kettner, explores consumers’ engagement in the circular economy based on results from a large-scale behavioural experiment and survey in the EU, which LE Europe conducted for EC DG Justice and Consumers. A copy of the proceedings, and the […]

Evaluation Support Study on Applicable to Horizontal the EU Competition Rules Co-operation Agreements in the Horizontal Block Exemption Regulations and the Guidelines – May 2021

Client:	EC DG Competition
Published:	May, 2021

The objective of this study was to provide support to DG COMP’s evaluation of Regulations (EC) No 1217/2010 and 1218/2010 (referred to as the HBERs), and of the Commission’s Guidelines on the Applicability of Article 101 TFEU to Horizontal Cooperation Agreements, taking into account the specific objectives of the legal framework as well as new […]

Research into the Current Elasticity Coefficients of Postal Products Within Belgium – April 2021

Client:	BIPT
Published:	April, 2021

LE Europe worked with WIK-Consult and BIPT, the Belgian communications sector regulator,  on research into the current elasticity coefficients of postal products within the Belgian context. The BIPT communication and accompanying LE Europe and WIK-Consult reports are available here.

Study on Territorial Supply Constraints in the EU Retail Sector – November 2020

Client:	EC DG Grow
Published:	November, 2020

The study, commissioned by the EC Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and carried out by VVA Economics & Policy and LE Europe presents the results of a fact-finding mission on the effects of Territorial Supply Constraints (TSCs) on the Single Market as announced in the 2018 Communication A European retail sector fit […]

Support Studies for the Evaluation of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation – June 2020

Client:	EC DG Competition
Published:	June, 2020

This study is part of the European Commission’s evaluation of the VBER and Vertical Guidelines and the main objective of the study is to provide qualitative and quantitative evidence on the effectiveness, efficiency and relevance of the VBER and the Vertical Guidelines. The findings of the study provide evidence-based grounds for a possible revision of […]

The Role of State Aid for the Broadband Networks Rapid Deployment of in the EU – April 2020

Client:	EC Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP)
Published:	April, 2020

As part of an international consortium LE Europe supported DG COMP in a study of the operation of the State Aid rules in the area of broadband investment. The study provides an overview of the implementation of broadband State Aid measures across the EU during the period 2013-2019 and, with the aid of case studies, […]